Amount you might add to each payment if you prepay.
At your assumed return, investing the extra $500/mo could grow to about $584,726 by your original payoff date—more than the roughly $205,557 in mortgage interest you’d avoid by prepaying. That gap is not guaranteed; markets and your actual loan costs may differ.
If you prepay and end the loan early, you could invest your freed payment each month from payoff until when the loan would have ended. Default equals your scheduled P&I.
You enter a fixed-rate mortgage (principal, APR, term) and an extra monthly amount. The tool compares two uses of that extra: prepaying principal versus investing the same amount each month at the return you assume—not a prediction, just math on those assumptions.
Most comparisons use your original scheduled payoff date (the end of the loan term if you only made scheduled P&I). Mortgage interest avoided (prepay) is how much less interest you pay over the life of the loan if you add the extra to principal every month, versus making no extra payments. Invest extra instead — balance at original payoff is how much you could have if you invested that same extra every month through that same original payoff month, at your assumed annual return (converted to an equivalent monthly rate, with contributions at month-end).
The loan side uses standard US-style amortization: monthly interest on the balance. If prepaying pays off the loan early, the optional after you're mortgage-free early block estimates investing your freed scheduled P&I each month from early payoff until the date the loan would have ended anyway, still at the same assumed return—so you can contrast "invest the extra while paying the mortgage" with "prepay, then invest what you used to pay."